Kutipan Media : Disertasi Aerin Gugah Gubernur

BUDAYA

Disertasi Aerin Gugah Gubernur

Web Link : Disertasi Doktoral Aerin Nizar Gugah Gubernur Sulsel

MANTAN anggota DPRD Sulsel periode 2009-2014 dan juga politisi dari Partai Demokrat Sulsel, Aerin Nizar, meraih gelar doktor bidang Ilmu Pertanian setelah berhasil mempertahankan disertasinya melalui sidang promosi Program Pascasarjana Unhas, di Aula PPs Prof Dr Ir Fachruddin Unhas.

Disertasi Aerin yang berjudul “Modal Sosial dan Program Peningkatan Produksi Beras di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan”, menerangkan mengenai adanya tingkat modal sosial yang tinggi di antara para pemangku kepentingan yang menjadi pengantar program peningkatan produksi beras.

“Jika membandingkan tingkat modal sosialnya, maka keduanya memiliki tingkat modal sosial yang berbeda. Jadi, terdapat modal sosial tertinggi yang dimiliki pemangku kepentingan yang menjadi penghantar dan juga penerima yakni saling percaya dan jaringan. Selain itu, di tingkatan makro dan mikro berpengaruh variatif pada keberhasilan program peningkatan produksi beras Sulsel,” papar ibu tiga anak ini.

Penelitian yang melibatkan 16 institusi dan masing-masing dua responden di setiap institusi ini, menunjukkan besarnya pengaruh tingkat modal sosial masyarakat penerima program terhadap keberhasilan program pertanian. “Masyarakat yang memiliki modal sosial cenderung lebih dapat bekerja sama dan berpartisipasi dalam program.

Kita berharap pemerintah memiliki kajian atau studi tentang tingkat modal sosial setiap wilayah sehingga dapat dipetakan tingkat dan karakter modal sosial masyarakat sebelum melaksanakan program di lapangan,” ungkap wanita kelahiran 3 Maret 1975 ini. Penguji eksternal, Gubernur Sulsel, Dr Syahrul Yasin Limpo, tergugah dengan penjelasan Aerin mengenai modal sosial.

“Harus ada pengkondisian dan juga dijaga, karena jika tidak maka akan berbahaya. Saya berharap para pakar mengangkat modal sosial ini menjadi trend nasional. Namun modal sosial harus ada koordinasi institusi yang intens dengan pemerintah, ada kejelasan SDM yang mengawal aktivitas, harus ada kejelasan budget pendukung dan juga dukungan publik,” pungkasnya. (met/mah)

Kutipan Media : Aerin Nizar Raih Doktor di UNHAS

EDUKASI

Aerin Nizar Raih Doktor di UNHAS

19 Agustus 2016 11:43

Web Link : http://edukasi.inikata.com/read/2016/08/19/376/aerin-nizar-raih-doktor-di-unhas

MAKASSAR,INIKATA.com-Politisi dari Partai Demokrat Sulawesi Selatan Aerin Nizar berhasil meraih gelar doktor bidang ilmu pertanian di Program Pascasarjana (PPs) Universitas Hasanuddin (UNHAS).

Aerin, meraih gelar doktor setelah berhasil mempertahankan disertasinya di hadapan para penguji melalui sidang promosi di Aula PPs Prof. Dr. Ir. Fachruddin UNHAS, Jumat (19/8/2016).

Mantan legislator DPRD Sulawesi Selatan periode 2009-2014 tersebut menyusun disertasi berjudul Modal Sosial dan Program Peningkatan Produksi Beras Sulawesi Selatan.

Aerin memaparkan tujuan disertasinya adalah berangkat saat dirinya menjadi anggota legislatif selama lima tahun. Pada dasarnya terdapat modal sosial yang sudah sangat baik. Antara komisi, banggar dengan elemen pemerintah seperti pemerintah, masyarakat sipil, militer, dan pihak swasta.

“Nah, berangkat dari pemikiran itu akhirnya merumuskan tiga pertanyaan. Berapa tingkat modal sosial pengantar program peningkatan produksi beras, berapa tingkat modal sosial penerima program, dan apakah tingkat modal seluruh stakholder tersebut memiliki hubungan terhadap keberhasilan program peningkatan beras Sulawesi Selatan,”ujar Aerin.

Promosi doktor tersebut dipimpin langsung Prof Saleh S. Ali, Prof Darmawan Salman, Dr Eymal. Penguji eksternal Gubernur Dr Syahrul Yasin Limpo, dan tim penguji internal Prof Didi Rukmana, Dr Irman Mujahidin Fahmid, Dr Hatta Jamil, dan Dr Ramhadanih. (**)

International Journal on Socio Capital Theories and Concepts: Socio Agricultural Perspectives

IJSTR International Journal: Social-Capital-The-Historical-Emergence-And-Its-Implications-To-Agricultural-Development-Program.pdf

Published in : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 07, JULY 2016 

ISSN 2277-8616 

DO NOT COPY PASTE WITHOUT PERMISSION OR PROPER PARAPHRASING

Social Capital: The Historical Emergence And Its Implications To Agricultural Development Program
Aerin Nizar, Saleh S. Ali, D. Salman, E. Demmalino

Abstract: It is important to initially understand historical and philosophical trails of the emergence of social capital concept before studying its implications to agricultural development through the stakeholders’ interactions. The emergence of social capital concept can be traced back from the classic social theories of Durkheim and Marx as well as other contributed classic scholars in social and economic theories. The concept originated when the forethought of morality conscience, solidarity, cooperation, morality, norms, values, and commitment were brought up to the period of people’s movement. Social capital does not have one single definition because the concept requires a context to define its meaning. Along the years of concept’s development, experts have found a common ground that the definition of social capital can be seen in the context of a social relation of the actors in achieving their common goals. Many empirical researches had been conducted to study social capital in the agricultural development to learn the social capital elements in mutual trust, reciprocity, and network. Many researches also had found that higher social capital level in people, organization, or community, contributes to a better agricultural development outcome. Therefore, social capital becomes one of the significant elements in pursuing development objectives and accountabilities through stakeholders’ social interactions.

Index Terms: social capital, historical, definition, agriculture, and agricultural development ————————————————————

1 HISTORICAL PHILOSOPHICAL TRAILS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL CONCEPT
As suggested by Portes (1998), that the source of historical and philosophical roots of social capital concept was in the classical sociologists thought of Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). First we will look at Karl Marx’s social theory that describes the emergence of social classes consciousness that began when the industrial workers started to understand the similarities of their circumstances and the proletariat also learned to know each another and support each other’s initiatives. Solidarity was not arising because of their childhood’s existing norms but it was emerged as a feeling of kinship (Marx [1894] 1967, Marx and Engels [1848] 1947). Therefore, it can be said that the egocentrism was not existed in the proletarian class and they were united by the limitations that they possessed and therefore becomes the source of group’s social capital at that time. The terminology of social capital were originally applied for very different purposes when we looked up to the thought of Alfred Marshall and John Hicks which they use the term to distinguish between sets of temporary and permanent physical capital, although the idea that the norms of working together is needed to direct the 'invisible hand’ that existed in market transactions (Woolcock, 1998).

Meanwhile, Adam Smith in his book of The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments also had another opinion and stated that the market does require sensibility of certain moral, but there were serious limitations on the ability of the market to be able to regulate itself and the ability to provide outcome that could support the welfare. Therefore, institutions such as government and religious institutions have a key role in providing and regulating the market. As for Adam Muller openly argued to Adam Smith that the collection of the spiritual capital of a community was mostly determined by its economic circumstances and not by certain moral sensibility. Moreover, Woolcock also stated, the role of norms and institutions in explaining economic life were concealed at the 19th century, while some scholar with utilitarian, economic, and classical politic perspectives such as Mill, Bentham, and Ricardo were preferred ignoring the social science that begins by the ideas from the book of The Wealth of Nations and not from the book of The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Woolcock affirmed that Swedberg has noted that the tradition of Durkheim’s, Weber’s, and Marx’s followers in Classical Sociology, were strongly influenced by the economic debate and other issues that arise in that period, and many referred it now as the social capital that is already implicitly stated on these ideas. Similar debate about the sociology controversy also entered American universities through the University of Chicago in the 1890s in which the case of social forces as independent factors that shape the development of urban areas became the differentiator that divides the sociologists and economists in social studies approach respectively. 

Source of the social capital idea was also found in the study of the second classical era of sociologist as in Durkheim's theory of social integration and the ability of sanctions in a group ritual. Portes (1998) mentioned that as in the case of exchange of reciprocity, the motivation of the giver that mediated socially, had important role, but in this case, the expectation to get a reciprocal gift was not based on knowledge of the recipient, but it comes from the giver and recipient who were at the similar social structure. An attached exchange model like this has two consequences: first, the help-giver receives reciprocal benefits of his actions do not directly come from beneficiaries, but it comes from the collective overall returns in the form of status, respect, and recognition of the group. The second consequence is that the collectivity itself serves as a guarantee that any debts existed must be repaid. For example, Portes said that a member of an indigenous group who provides scholarships for students in his customary group, therefore, he expects a refund that it was not coming from the student, but in the form of recognition and status in his group collectivity. The student social capital does not rely on the direct knowledge of their givers, but relies on membership in the same group. Examples of second consequence is a banker, who may extend a period of his unsecured debt to a member of the same religious community with the big expectation that payment will be their debt because of sanctions and isolation threats from the community. Therefore, it can be said that there is trust in this condition because of existing obligations fulfilled without going through law enforcement or violence, but through the existed power within the community. 

Another scholars of social capital such as Portes and Sensebrenner, describes the early emergence and impact of social capital in which there are four types of social capital that deals with the main theoretical traditions. Both of these authors explain that of Marx and Engels we can infer their ideas about the relationship of solidarity, for example calamity experienced together that can be a source of group cohesion (e.g. sharing behavior among refugees). From Simmel we learn about exchanges of reciprocity, which is about the norms and obligations arising through the network formed from the exchange that occurred (e.g. aid between neighbours . The classical sociological scholars such as Durkheim and Parsons discusses the need for the introduction of value, where the idea of values, moral rules, and the commitments that precede their covenant relationship. While Weber discusses the idea of trust that can be implemented where the formal institutional arrangements and certain groups applied different mechanisms to ensure compliance with the rules that agreed in advance, for example, formal or bureaucratic institutions by using legal mechanisms and the use of family group substantive mechanism. Thus, it can be said that form the four sources of classical sociologist scholars and the utilitarian tradition, the concept of social capital has a footprint and resources on today's modern social research.

2 DEFINITION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ITS DEVELOPMENT
Since its emergence, social capital concept has become the attention of sociologists, economists, and political scientists. There are three scholars’ names that are the most frequently used as a reference in reviewing the concept of social capital, namely Bourdieu, Coleman, and Putnam. This is because the amount of their contributions in reviewing and the study of this concept. Bourdieu and Coleman focused his studies on the role of individuals and social organizations that bind in estimating one's progress and collective action. While Putnam developed the idea of community groups and activities as a basis for social integration and prosperity and also develop social capital by studying it from the context of democratic governance (Edwards, 2001). Several academics who also has a major contribution in the thought of the concept of social capital as Bourdieu, Coleman, and Putnam is Fukuyama (1995) who developed the idea of social capital with regard social capital as an element of constructive and creation of economic prosperity. While Grootaert & Bastelaar (2002) study social capital in the perspective of its relation to regional development, and also Burt (2000), who examines social capital and collective action. Woolcook (2000) states that one of the earliest pioneers of social capital was Lyda Judson Hanifan (The Community Centre, 1920) who said that "social capital ... relating to ... is a real asset to most human life; for example goodwill, friendship, sympathy, and social intercourse among the individuals and families who make up a social unit ". 

Furthermore, in the last 10-15 years Robert Putnam and James Coleman is known as the person who brought the term "social capital" to the surface. Putnam looked at social capital as a set of horizontal relationships between people who encourage cooperation for the benefit of a community. While Coleman expands the definition that was still limited at that time by including a vertical relationship that is characterised by a hierarchical structure and distribution of uneven power. Coleman also stated that social capital can even have an useless or harmful impact to society as a whole. The notion of social capital according to Putnam in Salman (2010) is part of social life, the social networks, norms and trust, which encourages people to act together more effectively to achieve common goals. Social capital can be said to be a social relationship that exists between individuals or groups of individuals or other groups that in some point will produce a social networking, cooperation, exchange of information, mutual trust, where these things become the capital underlying social relationships are intertwined. Ali (2009) also states that social capital is the basic essence of cooperation, where such cooperation is a form of basic social processes that allow survival and growth of a society. Cooperation is an interaction to achieve the objectives and it requires a good continuity so that the process is not susceptible to interference or obstacles that may hinder to achieve the common goal.

After Putnam and Coleman, Douglas North (1990) appeared later to give the concept of social capital that includes broader institutional relations and formal structures such as government, political regime, the rule of law, and the judicial system. With a focus on human cooperation, North said that the evolution of institutions creates a friendly environment for collaboration solution on complex exchanges and that will create an economic growth. Mancur Olson (1982) in Adler & Kwon (2002) also presents the broad concept of social capital by stating that if a society enjoyed political stability in a long period of time, they tend to be able to build a powerful special interest groups that resulted in the society’s welfare. The following is a table of social capital definitions that was written lately by some experts in three different perspectives.

TABLE 1. VARIOUS DEFINITION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THREE PERSPECTIVES
(See the above Link)

From the table, we can see different versions of the social capital definition, which in general, however, actually have a common ground, but also explain the slight but important difference. Adler and Kwon (2002) outline three groups definition of social capital. The first is a definition that the difference is in its focus substance, the source or the impact of social capital; The second definition is a definition that the difference lies in its primary focus which is to (i) the relationship that maintained by an actor with other actors (external), (ii) the structure of relationships between actors in a collectivity (internal), or (iii) both types of relationship connectivity above. The first and second groups of definition, Bridging (External) and Linking (Internal) is primarily focus on social capital as a resource that already exists in the social network that binds the main actors with other actors. The third definition of the group is the most neutral and has the advantage of involving the internal and external dimensions in the elaboration of its definition and has a broad scope. The World Bank definition of social capital used mostly as a reference in the study of agricultural development is due to the intensive study of the World Bank on social capital that has succeeded to operationalize it by developing tools to measure social capital level, the named the measurement tools as SOCAT (Social Capital Assessment Tools). Many empirical researches under World Bank had been conducted and showed us how much impact of social capital on development outcome. Citing Serageldin, former vice president of the World Bank special program, who states "Social Capital is an internal social and cultural coherence of society, norms and values that govern interactions among people and institutions in which they are linked in it...social capital is the glue that holds society together to be together, where no social capital there would be no economic growth or human well-being. Without Social Capital, society at large will collapse, which the world has witnessed some sad example of the condition "(Grootaert & Bastelaer, 2001: iii).

3 SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ITS IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Development is a process that is complex and multi- dimensional that requires a lot of variables to perform and achieve the desired changes. During this time the approach used in the development paradigm is often only refers to the evident or visible capital as physical capital, human capital, and financial capital, but still there were less development policy that includes the role of social capital in increasing development outcome. Researches and studies on the role of social capital and its involvement to sustainable development have been carried out for many times and had clear empirical evidences that demonstrating a social capital significant contribution to the sustainable development (Grootaert & Bastelaer, 2001). In addition, the concept of social capital are also believed to have better insight and understanding in analyzing the relationship between stakeholders as actors involved in development activities in a community or group of communities (Putnam, 1993). In relation to the impact of social capital on the agricultural development, several studies have been conducted by a number of researchers, for example Krishna and Uphoff (1999), who found a number of important variables related to positive and consistent with the results and performance of the agricultural developments; Fafchamps and Minten (2001) examines the role of social capital in the performance of agricultural crops traders who concluded that social contacts have reduce the transaction costs, while family networks and parents’ experience can assist to determine social capital. 

Grootaert and Krishna (2007) had conducted an intensive study of empirical research on social capital and its relation with the agricultural development. The study was significant and conducted for seven years to see how social capital developed in several parts of India as well as examine the involvement of some of the elements and found that social capital generated socially through internal efforts of community groups and are not generated by external aids. In relation to the social capital productivity on agricultural commodities, especially rice, some studies have also been conducted. For example case study conducted b, Cottrell, and King (2014) found that social capital change the Mekong Delta rice farmers in Vietnam we as the result of several government interventions. Furthermore, a study conducted by Roy Chan and Rainis (2012) in Bangladesh, who developed a model of sustainable rice farming, which contributes to the improvement of social capital level in society. Schroeder, Zeller, and Agboh- Noameshie (2013) also examines the social capital in relation to collective action and the role of women rice farmers in Benin, West Africa, on a case study on the implementation of Rice Technologies in Benin, which concluded that the social capital and collective action can improve the economic and social position of women farmers who are usually marginalized in resources and technology. Furthermore, Edillon (2010) examines the use of the framework of Social Capital in informing rice farmers a program of a new technology model to improve rice production in the Philippines. The research results stated that policies and programs can affect social capital in qualitatively and quantitatively manner. They also found that social capital also has impact on the farmer's decision to adopt new technologies. JICA, a donor Japan, in 2009 examined the impact of social capital on farmers’ access to irrigation in Sri Lanka, which concluded that the access to irrigation have positive influence on the development of social capital such as the emergence of mutual trust and norms in working among farmers, so that the longer farmers have access to irrigation, the greater the social capital that will accumulate among farmers. Furthermore, Monge et.al. (2008) with IFPRI, an international organisation for the Agricultural Research Division also released a study of how social capital, through the identification of patterns of social interaction, affect the process of adoption of agricultural innovations to small farmers in Bolivia. In Indonesia, some studies relevant to Social Capital and its relation to community development and agriculture have also been widely published. For example, a study conducted by Mangkuprawira (2010) who addresses the social capital capacity improvement of a field facilitator is among the essential elements for the farming community development. Other research results is by Syahyuti (2008) who see the role of social capital in the trading of agricultural commodities, which shows that when the market conditions are not perfect, social capital is growing fast and become the core of the entire domestic market trading system. Furthermore, Tatlonghari et al. (2012) found in their research on rice farmers in Indonesia and Laos that due to the influence of a strong social network in the community, the farmers have an effective exchange methods for disseminate information. As the research results of Prihtanti et. al. (2014), also examines the functions of the socio-cultural system of organic rice farmer in Central Java, who concluded that the social cohesion of organic rice farmers are stronger than conventional farmers as the result of higher social capital level. Research related to social capital have also been conducted at the region of South Sulawesi, as the study of social capital on the supporting infrastructure for rice production in South Sulawesi reviewed by Daud (2006) that examines community empowerment farmers and irrigation management at three districts of South Sulawesi by measuring the levels of social capital on that community with SOCAT.

4 CONCLUSION
From understanding the philosophy and history of the emergence of the concept of social capital as well as a number of definitions that appear in various contexts of thoughts, the understanding of this concept and implementation within the program can be more comprehensive in analyzing the development phenomena around us. From the social capital historical paths we have learnt that the concept can be traced back as far as the 18th century’s popular scholars, such as Durkheim and Karl Marx, to the modern scholars, such as Robert Putnam and Coleman. It means that this concept is significant because many scholars have tried to conceptualize social capital and operationalize it to their field of works. World Bank as a well- known organization for development programs around the world have also conducted an extensive works on social capital and even have developed tools to measure social capital level by using SOCAT. We also have learnt that social capital can be studied both from social or economic perspectives to allow us to look up to the bigger picture of development outcome. Definition of social capital is also varies and depend of the context and substantive element in the development program. 

This paper is trying to expand our perspectives on social capital idea that it is actually multi-applicable from social, economic, politic, and cultural context. As a result of the study above shows that a number of researchers have developed and utilized the concept of social capital and has been widely accepted as a mean to analyse and describe the study of the development and performance of programs, especially agricultural development programs although academics of social capital have tried to conceptualise the idea in different manners. Therefore, it can be concluded later that if a community of people, groups, organizations, or institutions have high levels of social capital of mutual trust, mutual reciprocity, and a strong network and followed by the ability to coordinate and synergize resources owned or may be accessed, then conditions like that can create a double positive impact that will affect on positive development performance. This is possible to materialize because social capital is not just a "glue" that binds members of the community together in collective activities to achieve common goals, but also can become a driving engine to effectively directing members of the group or institution to move forward to contribute in development activities.

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Kegiatan Politisi Perempuan Dunia di Vienna

Oleh : Aerin Nizar (Wakil Sekretaris DPD Partai Demokrat Provinsi Sulsel)

Salah Satu Musium bergaya Gothic di Vienna

Setelah terbang kurang lebih 13 jam dari Jakarta, transit di Qatar, akhirnya saya tiba di Kota Vienna, Austria untuk memenuhi undangan dari IRI dan WDN dalam kegiatan Konfrensi Akademi Perempuan untuk Kepemimpinan Partai Politik. Hadir dalam kegiatan ini delegasi politisi perempuan dari negara Bosnia Herzegovina, Syria, El Salvador, Serbia, Kenya, Indonesia, Nepal, Ukraina, dan Mongolia. Saya turut hadir diundang dalam kegiatan ini sebagai politisi perempuan yang mewakili Indonesia, mungkin karena telah terdaftar sebagai alumnus pelatihan IRI, anggota IRI dan WDN dan trainer WDN (sebelumnya pernah diminta WDN untuk menjadi trainer di Phnom Penh Kamboja dua tahun silam). IRI atau International Democracy Institute selama 25 tahun telah memberikan kontribusi penting untuk peningkatan kapasitas perempuan politik. Sementara WDN (Women Democracy Network sebagai mitra kerja IRI adalah sebuah lembaga non profit yang berpusat di Washington DC yang bekerja di 61 negara dan setiap tahunnya melaksanakan kegiatan capacity building untuk politisi perempuan di parpol dan di parlemen. Kota Vienna sendiri sebagai tempat pertemuan minggu itu, merupakan ibukota negara Austria yang kotanya dikelilingi museum dan bangunan eks monarki bergaya gothic dan kedatangan saya di Negara berbahasa Jerman ini disambut dengan cuaca 17 Derajat Celsius yang merupakan cuaca terbaik untuk mengunjungi dan belajar di negara Eropa Timur ini.

Peserta Akademi WDN Vienna & anggota Parlemen Austria

Hari pertama kegiatan Akademi Perempuan untuk Kepemimpinan Parpol di Hotel Marriott Vienna diisi dengan pembukaan dan perkenalan seluruh anggota delegasi. Sebagian besar perempuan yang hadir merupakan anggota Parlemen dan pengurus harian partai politik di negaranya masing-masing, sementara lainnya adalah pengurus sayap partai dan juga dari NGO. Pembukaan diisi dengan pemaparan program dan kegiatan akademi ini oleh Direktur WDN, Erika Veberyte, dari Washington DC yang membahas beberapa kegiatan dan program WDN di banyak negara. Erika menekankan tentang pentingnya menjalin network antar politisi perempuan dunia dan bagaimana WDN berperan mendukung kegiatan ini.

Maria Raunch-Kallat, President Alpha Club, Former Minister of Environment. Foto By : @WDN

Selanjutnya Maria Rauch-Kallat, politisi senior Austria yang telah menjadi anggota parlemen sejak tahun 1983 sampai tahun 2008 dan kemudian menjadi Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Austria mengisi materi kedua. Maria Rauch-Kallat membawa peserta ke Alpha Club dengan berjalan kaki yang letaknya tidak jauh dari hotel kami dan memperkenalkannya sebagai sebuah gedung pertemuan di tengah kota Austria yang berfungsi sebagai tempat berkumpul, pusat pelatihan, lounge untuk pertemuan politisi antar partai di Austria yang didirikan oleh politisi senior ini, dan tempat pertemuan rutin perempuan dari berbagai profesi dan latar belakang untuk menjadi mentor dan mentee bagi mereka yang lebih muda atau pemula. Alpha Club ini merupakan media networking yang efisien karena telah menjadi sumber pertukaran informasi yang tidak terbatas. Maria juga memberikan wawasan dan pengalamannya tentang pentingnya membangun koalisi dan kerjasama untuk efektifnya upaya pencapaian tujuan politik bersama sesama internal maupun external parpol.

Anca Malavasic, pemateri tentang “How To Get Things Done”

Materi terakhir sore itu diisi oleh pemateri inspiratif, Anca Malavasic, seorang senior manajer di Bank Austria, mentor Alpha Club, pakar komunikasi dan manajemen perubahan yang menekankan pada kami tentang pentingnya menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan dan mempertahankan value standar bekerja kita di politik, bagaimanapun banyaknya tantangan dan resiko yang dihadapi dalam menjaga nilai-nilai tersebut.

Makan Malam ala Austria

Selama empat hari akademi perempuan untuk kepemimpinan partai politik, peserta juga diberi kesempatan untuk menikmati makan siang dan makan malam di beberapa restaurant Austria untuk menikmati sajian khas Negara tersebut. Selain pemberian materi di dalam kelas, materi juga diberikan di luar kelas dengan mengunjugi beberapa tempat menarik seperti gedung parlemen untuk berdiskusi dan bertemu langsung dengan para politisi perempuan yang menjadi pemimpin parpol, kantor ombudsman Austria yang di ketuai oleh perempuan mantan legislator, kantor dan toko perhiasan Tiffany and Co untuk berbincang dengan direktur operasional toko ini yang juga merupakan mentor volunteer Alpha Club, dan bertemu direktur eksekutif perempuan Bank Raffeisen Bank Austria untuk sharing pengalamannya sebagai pimpinan bank tersebut.

Santap Siang ala Austrian 

Kunjungan ke kantor Ombudsman Austria

Johanna Hellrigl, Senior Assistant WDN. Photo by @WDN

Di hari kedua, peserta diberi materi tentang strategi membangun dukungan untuk perempuan di dalam parpol yang inti materinya adalah agar perempuan belajar strategy untuk menonjolkan kapasitas mereka dengan lebih percaya diri. Selanjutnya peserta diberi penjelasan menarik dari Johanna Hellrigl, yang  merupakan senior asisten program WDN. Johanna menjelaskan tentang peluang bagi peserta untuk mendapat fasilitasi dari WDN setelah kembali ke Negara masing-masing untuk membentuk Forum Pendidikan Politik Perempuan. WDN akan memfasilitasi sepenuhnya jika Forum tersebut dibentuk secara multi partai, namun jika sebuah partai ingin membentuk tersendiri Forum Pendidikan ini tanpa melibatkan partai lain, maka WDN dapat membantu dalam bentuk materi dan modul saja.

Agenda selanjutnya di hari itu diisi dengan kunjungan ke beberapa lokasi menarik, termasuk ke museum-museum terkenal di Vienna.

Ber-WeFie dengan peserta dengan latar belakang Istana Schonbrunn

Menyaksikan debat politisi perempuan di parlemen Austria yang membahas tentang Kebijakan Luar Negeri mereka.

Peserta akademi diberi materi tentang bagaimana bertahan di dunia laki-laki yang dibawakan oleh politisi perempuan senior yang telah lama menjadi pengurus Uni Eropa yang berkedudukan di Vienna Austria, yang dilanjutkan dengan kunjungan ke parlemen sampai sore hari untuk bertemu dengan sejumlah pemimpin parpol yang juga menjadi legislator di DPR Austria. Malam harinya kami dipertemukan dengan sejumlah perempuan yang telah menjadi mentor dan mentee mereka yang telah dicoaching untuk menjadi perempuan berhasil seperti mentor mereka dan menyaksikan langsung bagaimana proses diskusi Tanya-jawab antara mentor dan mentee berlangsung di Alpha Club tersebut.

Suasana Kelas di Alpha Club, Vienna

Hari terakhir agenda Academi Perempuan untuk Kepemimpinan Parpol, kami diminta untuk masing-masing mempresentasikan dan menjelaskan tentang apa yang akan dilakukan setelah kembali ke Negara masing-masing dengan mengadopsi materi yang diberikan oleh Anya tentang, How to Get Things Done. Di presentasi tersebut, peserta harus mampu menguraikan fakta-fakta kondisi terkini dan masalah yang dihadapi dalam mencapai tujuan yang ingin diselesaikan, kemudian mengurai Tujuan dan Aksi yang merupakan langkah-langkah yang akan diambil. Setelah presentasi, setiap peserta memberi masukan terhadap presentasi peserta lainnya kemudian ditutup oleh masukan dari pemateri dan direktur WDN. Dalam kesempatan tersebut saya menyampaikan bahwa keinginan saya untuk tetap bekerja di politik dan melanjutkan apa yang telah saya bangun di masyarakat walaupun tidak lagi duduk di parlemen. Saya menyadari akan terdapat hambatan dalam melaksanakan ini, karena tidak lagi memiliki akses dan kewenangan untuk dapat mengkoordinir sumberdaya yang bisa saya fasilitasikan ke masyarakat.  Akan tetapi, saya cukup yakin bahwa dengan jaringan dan hubungan baik saya yang telah terbangun selama ini dengan aparat pemerintah, tokoh-tokoh kunci di masyarakat, dan investasi-investasi social yang sudah terbangun selama ini, maka hambatan itu saya yakini akan dapat teratasi.

Adapun beberapa pelajaran penting yang bisa saya ambil selama mengikuti kegiatan ini adalah :

1.      Pentingnya berjejaring atau networking untuk membangun wawasan dan kapasitas perempuan politik. Saatnya perempuan bekerja sama dan tunjukkan kemampuan. Model Mentor dan Mentee dari Alpha Club bisa diadopsi untuk membangun kader-kader perempuan di politik yang tangguh.
2. Oleh-oleh dari WDN adalah Forum Pendidikan Politik untuk Perempuan. WDN telah menfasilitasi Forum ini di beberapa Negara Afrika dan berhasil dengan baik. Oleh karena itu sudah saatnya politisi perempuan Indonesia juga mengambil peluang baik itu dengan segera membentuknya baik itu multi partai maupun intra partai agar bisa mengakses fasilitas yang akan diberikan oleh WDN untuk perempuan politik di Indonesia.
3. Perempuan yang bisa bertahan dan menonjol di politik bukan merupakan pekerjaan mudah. Hanya perempuan-perempuan yang teguh memegang nilai-nilai, keyakinkan, dan standar kerja yang dimiliki, tanpa terikut arus dan model/karakter kerja laki-laki, yang dapat muncul sebagai perempuan ‘pemenang’.

Di akhir tulisan ini, saya ingin mengutip kiasan menarik dari materi Maria Rauch-Kallat yang mengatakan bahwa "Politic is a dirty business, but women have been cleaning up other people's messes for centuries" atau secara bebas saya artikan bahwa politik adalah urusan yang kotor, namun perempuan telah membersihkan 'sampah' orang lain selama berabad-abad lamanya. Sebuah ungkapan menarik yang sebenarnya saya aminkan juga karena hal itu benar adanya dan tentunya ungkapan ini bisa jadi bahan diskusi menarik untuk dibahas lebih lanjut. Salam Semangat!